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The 59th Guards Kramatorsk Order of Red Banner, Order of Suvorov, Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Motor-Rifle Division of the Soviet Union's Red Army was initially formed near Krasnodar in March 1942 as the 197th Rifle Division (2nd formation).〔Poirier, Conner, pp.339-340〕 On the division's formation Colonel (from 14.10.1942 major-general) M. I. Zaporozhchenko took command, who stayed with the division until February 1943. Its second commander was Major-General G. P. Karamyshev from February 1943 up to the end of the war.〔Чмелев А. М., «Прошла с боями», Киш., 1983.〕 On the formation of the 197th Rifle Division the major subunits were the 828th, 862nd, 889th Rifle, 261st Artillery Regiments, as well as other support units. Upon becoming Guards the designations of the subunits changed to the 176th, 179th, and 183rd Guards Rifle and 127 Guards Artillery Regiments,〔Poirier, Conner, pp.237-238〕 and 66th Guards Independent Sapper Battalion.〔(Старонижестеблиевская :: http://steblievskaya.com.ru )〕 == Combat history == * Until July 1942 the division was part of the 7th Reserve Army of the North Caucasus Military District * From July 1942 it joined the 5th Reserve Army * On 10 July 1942 the 5th Army of the STAVKA Reserve was redesignated as the 63rd Army of the Stalingrad Front * From 28 September 1942 assigned to the Don Front * From 22 October 1942 the division served with the Southwestern Front during the Battle of Stalingrad The division was assigned initially to the 63rd Army (since November 1942 the 1st Guards Army, and since December 1942 3rd Guard Army), 6th Army, and eventually the 46th Army〔Glantz, Soviet Military Deception, p.423〕 within which it ended the war. The division saw combat for the first time during the Battle of Stalingrad from July to December 1942 as part of the 63rd Army (which became the 1st Guards Army on 1 November 1942). During fierce fighting in the Veshenskaya area, parts of the division along with other Soviet units repelled the approach of the German forces. Having forced the Don river in the El'yanskoye area, the division seized a bridgehead which was subsequently used to stage a Soviet counter-attack. In these engagements the division destroyed up to 2,000 enemy troops, and much military equipment and weapons. The division participated in Operation Little Saturn between 16 and 30 December 1942. The division, in conjunction with other formations of the 1st Guards Army (which was renamed the 3rd Guards Army on 5 December 1942) traversed over 200 kilometers, liberated 170 settlements, including the city of Voroshilovgrad (now Lugansk) on 14 February 1943, and captured around 8,000 pieces of enemy equipment. For its courage, tenacity, and heroism the division was honored and renamed the 59th Guards Rifle Division on 3 January. The division’s next combat participation was in the Donbass Offensive and the Barvenkov–Pavlograd Offensive operation (13.08 - 22.09.1943) in the Don basin and liberating the Donbass region. For its efforts in capturing the city of Kramatorsk on 6 September 1943 it was awarded the honorific name ‘Kramator’ on 8 September 1943 by the Order of High Command No.9 on the same day〔(Приказы Верховного Главнокомандующего в период Великой Отечественной войны )〕 During the liberation of Kramatorsk the division was supported by the 5th Guards Independent Motor-Rifle Brigade and the 243rd Independent Tank Regiment〔(Краматорску 139 лет! | ХайВей )〕 The division also supported clearing the city of Zaporozhye of the enemy on 14 October 1943, in conjunction with other units. For its exemplary battle skills and valour the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on 14 October 1943. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「59th Guards Motor Rifle Division」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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